大范围ReS2纳米带的化学气相沉积制备及特性表征

采用化学气相沉积方法,在整个SiO2(300 nm)/Si衬底上制备出了大面积、高质量的单层及多层ReS2纳米带,纳米带的长度可达150μm.利用光镜、原子力显微镜(AFM)、荧光(PL),拉曼(Raman)以及X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)等手段对所得不同层数的ReS2样品进行了表征.结果表明:所制备的ReS2纳米带的拉曼信号与化学气相沉积方法制备的(CVD)单层及多层的薄膜材料差别不大,而其荧光峰出现了明显的展宽,且峰位出现了明显的蓝移.化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备ReS2纳米带操作简单,可控性与可重复性高,对其基础研究和未来潜在应用有着比较重要的现实意义.     

单轴拉伸对Nafion 结构及性能的影响

²H NMR 和PFG-NMR 用于研究拉伸过程中Nafion 结构的改变以及对溶剂分子运动性质的影响．²H 谱表明单轴拉伸Nafion 膜在拉伸比率较低情况下（L < 5），通道排列取向程度随着拉伸比率变大而增大，同时扩散实验表明水分子的运动能力也得到增强，表明取向化的通道网络有助于增强材料取向方向质子的导电能力，可以用于提高质子膜材料性能．在取向达到最大值后（L≥5）继续拉伸，膜内水分子的移动能力相比略有降低．溶胀实验表明取向膜的溶胀行为呈各向异性,拉伸作用致使膜内通道沿拉伸方向取向排列，通道的取向效应使得其在垂直拉伸方向（Y）和膜厚度方向（Z）溶胀更为显著．拉伸Nafion 膜对甲醇的吸附能力随着拉伸比率的增加而增强，同时甲醇的扩散数据显示，甲醇的运动能力在该通道网络中也随着拉伸比率的变大而不断增强，甲醇燃料在该类质子膜内的渗透效
应得以增强，不利于其在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用．     

Sol–gel template synthesis of luminescent glass–ceramic rods

We report an original way to prepare luminescent glass–ceramic microrods containing Eu³⁺ doped BaF₂ nanocrystals by sol–gel chemistry within the pores of a polycarbonate template membrane. Structural characterization by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction has shown the formation of glass–ceramic microrods with 0.8-m diameter of and 10 μm length in which BaF₂ nanocrystals of about 30 nm size are embedded. Photoluminescence measurements have indicated the incorporation of Eu³⁺ ions inside the BaF₂ nanocrystals in a broad range of sites with low coordination symmetry. The comparison made with the bulk glass–ceramic indicated an influence of the dimensional constraints imposed by the membrane pores during xerogel formation and subsequent glass ceramization.     

A turn on ESIPT probe for rapid and ratiometric fluorogenic detection of homocysteine and cysteine in water with live cell-imaging

5(Benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde (BHI), an intense ESIPT containing molecule in mixed media loses its properties due to resonance-assisted H-bond (RAHB) in absolute water. Due to resonance-assisted H-bond the o-aldehyde is more reactive than the other one. With addition of cysteine/homocysteine into this solution the o-aldehyde group gets transformed into thiazolidine/thiazine ring, respectively, and the phenolic proton becomes free enough for transfer to nitrogen of the benzothiazole ring in excited state, that is, the ESIPT of BHI is turned on. Thus we can detect cysteine/homocysteine in water as well as in live cells.     

雷云电场作用下长地线表面正极性辉光电晕放电的仿真研究

在雷云电场的缓慢作用下, 一种无流注的正极性辉光电晕在接地物体表面起始, 向周围空间注入大量正极性空间电荷, 从而改变雷电先导对雷击目的物的选择. 本文对雷云电场作用下起始于长地线表面的正极性辉光电晕放电进行了仿真研究; 考虑了正极性离子与其他离子的附着与碰撞作用, 建立了一种精确的二维正极性辉光电晕模型; 并通过在实验室内开展高压电晕放电试验, 测量了不同背景电场下的电晕电流; 与本文所建模型的仿真结果进行对比, 对模型的正确性进行了验证. 基于上述模型, 对正极性辉光电晕在雷云感应作用下的起始发展过程与电晕特性进行了仿真模拟, 得到了该电晕的电晕电流、正离子密度分布规律以及正离子迁移规律. 发现在雷云电场作用下, 电晕放电产生的正离子在迁移初期于垂直于地线的平面内基本呈圆对称状均匀分布, 但随着离子逐渐远离地线其分布不再均匀, 呈拉长的椭圆形分布, 多数离子最终分布于地线上方区域并逐渐向雷云方向迁移; 由于正离子在地线上方迁移区聚集形成的正空间电荷背景对行进电子束具有衰减和消耗作用, 抑制了电子崩的形成, 并降低了电子崩转化为流注的概率, 阻止了新的电子崩对流注的不断注入, 同时正空间电荷背景使气体的碰撞面增大, 增加了与电子的复合概率, 引起大量电子的消耗, 最终抑制了电子崩的形成与流注的发展, 地线表面的上行先导得到抑制.     

降阶扩展卡尔曼滤波算法在船用INS/GPS组合导航系统中的应用

TNNS(真航向导航系统)由MS860接收机、INS及处理数据的PC/104架构的嵌入式工控机构成。针对TNNS推导了INS(惯性导航系统)的误差模型,提出了适合于TNNS的降阶扩展卡尔曼滤波算法组合GPS和INS。系统在东海作了三次海试,软件及滤波算法平台由C/C 编制。海上试验表明,组合滤波后,INS的位置误差由100m降低到40m以下;进行最优化滤波后的航向误差σ由原来的0.105°减小为0.034°,纵横摇的误差也大幅减小。整个海试结果表明,在TNNS中组合GPS/INS采用的降阶扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,大幅提高了系统精度和可靠性。     

Highly enantioselective Michael addition of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes to maleimides catalyzed by new primary amine-squaramide bifunctional organocatalysts

New bifunctional primary amine-squaramides catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition reaction of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes to maleimides has been developed. This organocatalytic asymmetric reaction provides easy access to functionalized succinimides with a broad substrate scope. Both enantiomers of desired succinimide derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 98%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99%?ee).     

New high-pressures vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol binary system

New vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) data at 323.15, 333.15, 343.15, and 353.15 K and pressures up to 112.9 bar are reported for the carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol system. The experimental method used in this work was a static analytical method with liquid and vapor phases sampling using a rapid online sampler injector (ROLSI?) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) for analysis. Measured VLE data and literature data for carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol system were modeled with the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) cubic equation of state with classical van der Waals (two-parameter conventional mixing rule, 2PCMR) mixing rules. A single set of interaction parameters that lead to a correct phase behavior was used in this work to model the new VLE data and critical points of the mixtures in a wide range of temperature and pressure. The SRK prediction results were compared to the new data measured in this study and to available literature data.

Open image in new window

     

高效完成外专业高分子化学教学任务的思考与对策

在充分分析外专业学生的知识结构以及高分子化学知识体系的基础上,提出了一种以高分子化学实验为平台,课上教学与现场实践教学相结合,共同完成外专业高分子化学教学任务的新方法。教学实践结果表明该方法不但有效解决了外专业高分子化学课时少与课程教学内容多的矛盾,而且通过现场实践教学使学生在动手实践中充分体会到了高分子化学的理论知识在日常生活中的重要作用,做到了学与用相结合、理论与实践相结合、课上学习与课下学习相结合。该教研成果为高效完成外专业高分子化学教学任务提供了新思路。     

K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水的影响

以胜利褐煤为研究对象,利用FT-IR等手段,用灰分、不同湿度下的平衡复吸水含量等,系统研究了不同相对湿度下K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+的水合作用对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水含量的影响。结果表明,相同浓度不同类型的金属离子与煤样的交换能力的趋势为Ca2+Na+K+Mg2+。金属离子对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水含量影响力的顺序为Mg2+Ca2+Na+≈K+。相对湿度高时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为游离水分子之间的分子作用力;相对湿度中等时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为金属水簇与毛细管之间的毛细管作用力;相对湿度低时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为金属离子的水合作用。